1? ?????? ??????
?????????? ??????, ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? (0 K, ???????, 273.15 ℃) ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???, ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???
?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??, 0.8μm ?? 50μm ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???, ?? ????? ?????????? (0.4μm ?? 0.8μm) ?? ???? ???? ??.

?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???

λ = C/F, ???? C ?????? 3.0 × 108 m/s ?? ??? ?? ?? λ ???? ??????? ???
?????? ?? ???: ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? 4x1014Hz ~ 8x1014Hz ?? ??? ???


2? ?????? ?????? - ?????????? ??????
?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???
????? ??, ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? "?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????" ??? ???? ???
????? ??? - ???, ?????? - ??? ?? ????? - ??? ?????????? ????, ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? 0.7 ~ 2.5μm, 3 ~ 5μm ?? 8 ~ 14μm ???;
?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? - ??? ?????????? ???????? 8 ~ 14μm ???



3? ?????????? ????? ????? ????:
①? ?????????? ????: ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???
②? ?????????? ???????? ???????: ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???
③? ???????????? ???: ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????
④? ???????? ???: ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???
⑤? ?????????: ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???

4? ?????????? ?? ??? (??????)
???? - ?????????? (NIR) ???? (0.8μm ~ 1μM) ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??, ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???, ?? NIR ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??;?
???????? ?????? ?? ???, NIR ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ??, ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???;
?????:?
????, CMOS ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ????, ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ??????, ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???, ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???;?
???? - ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??, ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????;


4? ????? ??? ?????????? (SWIR)?
????? ??? ?????????? (SWIR) ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??;?
?? ?????, ?????, ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? SWIR ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???;?
SWIR ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??;?
??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??, ?????? 500 ?? 3000 ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? 500 ~ 3000 ℃ ?? ??? ??;?
?????:?
????, ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??;?
????????, ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??;?
??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????;?
????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???


5? ??? ??? ?????????? (MWIR)?
???:?
High sensitivity and resolution: Cooled detector with low noise, thermal sensitivity (NETD) <20mK, and excellent detail resolution;?
Strong atmospheric penetration: MWIR has high transmittance in specific atmospheric windows (e.g., 3-5 μm), and is suitable for long-distance observation because it is less affected by interference from fog, smoke and soot.
???? - ?????? ???? ??????????: LWIR ?? ??? ????? ???, ??? - ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??, ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? "?? ??????? ?? ??????" ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???
???? ???????? ????: ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???
????? ???????? ????: ????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????, 100 ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???

??????:?
???? ??????????? ?? ???????????: ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ????????? ????, ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ????, ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?? 5 ??? 10 ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????
???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???: ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????, ???? ????????????, ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? (????? ?? ??? ????), ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???
?????????? ??????: ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????
???? ??????: ?????? ?? ??????? ?? (????, ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? 10,000 ????) ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??, ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???

?????:?
???? ????, ??? ?? ??? ?????, ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???;?
?????? ????, ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????? (IRST)?


6? ????? ??? ?????????? (LWIR)?
???:?
??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????, ?? ????: ??????? ?????, ??? ????? ??????, ???? ????, ????? ???, ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????: ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? (- 40 ° C ~+85 ° C), ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ???? - ?????????, ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????????
?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????: ????? ?? ??? 1W ?? ???? ?? (???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????), 100,000 ???? ?? ???????? ????, ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???
??? - ???? ?? ??????: ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????, ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? (????? MWIR ?? ????? ??? ?????), ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???

??????:?
Low sensitivity: usually 30~50mK, lower than cooling type (<20mK), weak detail resolution, easy to overexpose high-temperature targets (need dynamic range adjustment).
Slow response speed: frame rate is usually ≤60Hz, not suitable for ultra-high-speed dynamic scenes (such as ballistic tracking).
???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????: ??? ??? ????????? ????????? (???? ????, ???? ?? ?????????), ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????????
???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????: ?????????? ?????? (?? ?????, CO, ?????? ????) ???? ???? (> 1 ????) ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????

?????:?
??????: ???????? ????? ????????, ??????? ????? ????????, ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? - ??, ?????? ?????? ???, ??????? ?????, ????? ???? ????, ???????? ??? ?? ?????
????????: ??? - ???????? ???? ???? ??????, ?? - ???? ???? ??????