Pfungwa yekutanga ye sensor

Sensor: Inoreva iyo sensor sensor, iyo ine nzvimbo ine mamirioni akati wandei emamirioni emamiriyoni emafananidzo. Iyo semiconductor chip iyo inoshandura mifananidzo ine musoro mumasaini yemagetsi.
Pixel: pixel ndiyo yekutanga chikamu che sensor. Mufananidzo unoumbwa nemapikisheni, uye huwandu hwemapikisheni dzinoratidza huwandu hwezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvirimo mune kamera.
Chisarudzo: Zvinoreva huwandu hwehuwandu hwemapikisheni kuti chifananidzo chinogona kugara mune zvese zvakashata uye zvakatemwa nzira.
Saizi yePixel: Inoreva nezve saizi chaiyo inomiririrwa ne pixel mune zvese zvakareba uye zvakaringana mirayiridzo.
Kunyoreswa zvakajeka neiyo nhamba iri pamusoro, mapikisheni anomiririra huwandu hwehuwandu hwemagedhi dema mumufananidzo uyu, ndewekuti 91 pixels, nepo resolution rinoreva huwandu hwenzizi grizi muhurefu uye upamhi hwenyu. Nhamba yakaratidzwa pamusoro ndeye 13 * 7. Saizi ye pixel ndiyo saizi inomiririrwa neyese mutema grid mumufananidzo uyu, uye iyo yuniti kazhinji micrometers. Kana saizi yemifananidzo iri nguva dzose, yakakura saizi ye pixel, iyo yakaderera kugadzirisa uye yakajeka kujekesa.

Bayer color filter array

Mashure: Mushure mekunge vanhu vaine sensors vaigona kuona kusimba kwechiedza, uye - White mifananidzo (Grayscale mifananidzo panguva iyoyo yaigona kungoziva zvakakura asi kwete ruvara. Kana mumwe aida kuwana ruvara rwemavara, iyo nzira yakanyanya kutaurwa yaive yekuwedzera mafirita emavara akasiyana. Naizvozvo, iyo Bayer Array yakagadzirwa. Iyo yakaumbwa neye tsvuku, yakasvibira uye yebhuruu mafirita yakarongedzwa neimwe neimwe nzira. Chikafu cheimwe yemhando yeRGB inoiswa pane imwe yega pixel, ichibvumira chete mwenje weruvara rwakati wapfuura nepakati.
Bayer Formation: nemabvazuva. Iyo bayer array, yakagadzirwa naBryce Bayer, musayendisiti kubva kuKodal, muna 1976, achiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda weDhijitari Mufananidzo weDhijitari.
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Ziso remaziso

Muziso revanhu, kune marudzi maviri emasero anoonekwa: Cone - akaumbwa uye tsvimbo - yakaumbwa.
Masero cell anowedzeredzwa mumhando nhatu: Tsvuku Photoferceptor masero, green omerecceptor masero (iyo inotyisa), uye yebhuruu PhotoVefreceptor masero. Ivo havana hanya neicho chisiri icho chakaderera. Chete kana chigadziko chakasvikirwa chinosvika kune imwe mamiriro anogona cone masero anoshanda.
Masero etsvhu ane hanya zvakanyanya nechiedza uye anogona kuumba mifananidzo yezvinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara, asi haakwanise kuona mavara.
Izvi zvakare zvinotsanangura kuti nei vanhu vachigona kuona zvinhu usiku asi hazvigone kusiyanisa mavara avo.


Mutsauko pakati peCCD uye CMMO

CCD (Charge Compluta Chishandiso): Charge - Chishandiso Chishandiso, chakabatanidzwa pane Semiconductor Song Crystal Zvinyorwa.
CMOS (Complementary esimbi oxide semiconductor): inoenderana nesimbi oxide semicononductor, yakabatanidzwa pane semicononductor zvinhu zvemarara esimbi.

Parizvino, mumusika wekuchengetedza, iyo mufananidzo sensors of cameras ndeye ccd kana cmmos. Mune nguva yeStand Nekudaro, mumakore mashoma apfuura, CMO ave kumedza musika weCCD. Munguva yekukwira - Tsanangudzo yekuongorora, CMOS zvishoma nezvishoma yakatsiva ccD sensors.

1. Ruzivo rwekuverenga kumhanya
Ruzivo rwekupiwa rwakachengetwa muCCD kubhadharisa - Chishandiso chinoda kuendeswa zvishoma nezvishoma zvichidzika pasi pekutonga kweiyo synclonous chiratidzo, uyezve zvakanyatso kugadzirwa kweADC kutendeuka kweADC. Iko kuendesa uye kuverenga zvakabudiswa neruzivo rwunobhadharwa runoda dunhu rekutonga, uye dunhu rose rakaoma. CMOS Sensors Sensors zvakananga Ivo vanogona zvakare kugadzirisa ruzivo rwechifananidzo kubva kune yega yega yega panguva imwe chete. Naizvozvo, kumhanya kwekuverenga kweCMMO kukurumidza kupfuura iyo yeCCD.
2. Kunzwa
Nekuti pixel yega yega yeiyo CMOS Sensor ine mamwe matunhu (amplifiers uye A / D kushandurwa kwemazasi), iyo floting - nzvimbo inonamira yeiyo yega pixel inogara chikamu chidiki chePixel. Naizvozvo, apo iyo pixel saizi yakafanana, inzwa kweiyo cms sensor yakaderera pane iyo yeCCD sensor.
3. Ruzha
Sezvo yega yega Photodiode muCommms inoda amplifier, kana yakayerwa mum megapixels, ipapo mamirioni evamiriri anodiwa. Sezvo amplifiers ndeye analog matunhu, zvakaoma kuchengeta mari yekukwikwidza ye pixel yega yega inoenderana. Naizvozvo, kana zvichienzaniswa neCCD sensors iyo ine imwechete amplifier, ruzha rweCMO sensors ichawedzera zvakanyanya, zvichikanganisa mhando yemufananidzo.
4. Simba Kudya
Iyo yekuwana mafananidzo nzira yeCMOS Sensors inoshanda. Iko kubhadharisa kunogadzirwa neiyo fotodiode yakamisikidzwa zvakananga uye inoshandurwa nedunhu repedyo. Nekudaro, ccd sensors isangoita mukuwana. Iyo isiriyo voltage inofanirwa kuiswa kuti iite kuti mutungamire mune yega yega pixel fambisa pasi, uye iyo yekusagadziriswa voltage kazhinji inoda 12 kusvika 18V. Naizvozvo CCD zvakare inodawo prece Simba Simba Line Dhizaini uye Ingarere Simba reVoltage. Iyo yakakwira yekutyaira voltage inoita kuti simba rekushandiswa kweCCD zvakakwirira kupfuura izvo zveCMMO.
5. Mutengo
Nekuti CMS Sensors anotora iyo mos mos mos, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu emene semiconductor matunhu, akadai seyakagadziriswa nguva, etc.) nekudaro achichengetedza mutengo wePeripheral Chips. CCD inotumira data kuburikidza nekubhadhara kuendesa. Dai chete pixel imwe ikatadza kushanda, mutsara we data harigone kuendeswa. Naizvozvo, goho reCCD rakadzika kwazvo. Uyezve, maitiro ayo ekugadzira akaoma, uye vashoma vagadziri vanogona kudzikisira. Ichi ndechimwe chikonzero chemutengo wakakwira.

Shutter Kumhanya

Iyo shutter chishandiso chinoshandiswa kudzora nguva yekufumura uye chinhu chakakosha chekamera. Chimiro chayo, fomu uye basa zvakakosha zvinhu mukuyera giredhi rekamera. Ose ccd uye ccM
Global Shutter: Pixels ese eSensor inounganidza mwenje panguva imwe chete uye inofumura panguva imwe chete. Ndokunge, pakutanga kwekufumurwa, sensor inotanga kuunganidza mwenje. Pakupera kwekufumurwa, dunhu rekuunganidza redunhu rakatemwa, uye ipapo kukosha kwekunzwisisa kunoverengwa seimwe furemu.
Mapfels ese anofumurwa panguva imwe chete, akafanana nekutsungirira chinhu chinofamba, saka chakakodzera kupfura nekukurumidza - zvinhu zvinofamba.
Kutenderera Shutter: Iyo sensor inowana izvi kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kuratidzwa. Pakutanga kwekufumurwa, iyo sensor scans mutsara nemutsara uye inofumura mutsetse mutsara kusvika pixels ese akafumurwa. Ehe, zviito zvese zvinopedzwa munguva pfupi pfupi, uye iyo nguva yekufumurwa yemasero akasiyana emusana anosiyana.
Iyo tsiva - ne - mutsara wekutangisa kuratidzwa, saka hazvina kukodzera kupfura zvinhu zvinofamba. Kana iyo chinhu kana kamera iri mumamiriro ekukurumidza kufamba panguva yekupfura, mhedzisiro yekupfura ingangodaro kuratidza zviitiko zvakadai se "kusimbisa", "kuratidzwa" kana "kuratidzwa".

Maitiro ekuvandudza eCMOS

1. Low - Chiedza Chishandiso
Kukura kubva kune yetsika FSI (kumberi kwekuvhenekera) kumberi Iyo Yakanyanya Kugadziriswa Kwemusana - Yakavhenekerwa CMOS Sensor iri mukuchinja kwechimiro chemukati chechikamu. Back - Yakavhenekerwa CMOS yakadzoreredza kutaridzika kwechiedza - zvinangwa zvine tsvina Izvi zvinodzivirira pesvedzero yedunhu pakati pemakomputa uye iyo Photodiode uye iyo transistist muCustomer Sensor Sensor uye zvakanyanya kuvandudza maitiro ekupfura mulimes. Back - Yakavhenekerwa CMOS Sensors yakaita kuti iite leap yekukasira mukunzwa kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare cms sensors sensors sensors sensors. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kugona kwavo kugona uye hunhu hwemufananidzo hwave hwakavandudzwa kwazvo pasi pekuvhenekerwa kwakaderera.

2. Ruzha Kudzvinyirira
Kune rimwe divi, ruzha rwehunyanzvi rwakasarudzika algorithm rakabatanidzwa zvakananga mumatare ekutonga kweiyo CMOS mufananidzo sensor. Kuburikidza neiyi tekinoroji, ruzha rwakatemerwa runogona kubviswa zvinobudirira. Kune rimwe divi, mharidzo dzakasiyana siyana dzinogamuchirwa muISP, sekusamwisa tekinoroji, kugadzirisa dambudziko reruzha rweCommos.

3. Kuungana kwakanyanya
Chimwe chezvakanaka zvakanakira CMOS Sensors. Iyo iri kutenderera nemamwe mabasa akabatanidzwa mu sensor yayo. Semuenzaniso, iyo yakatangwa OV10633 ndeye 720p HD yakafara Dynamic Range sensor. Iyo OV10633 Model inobatanidza WDR yakafara Dynamic Range uye ISP mufananidzo chiratidzo chekugadzirisa mabasa pane iyo chip sensor sensor sensor.

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