Inzwa: Ibhekisa kwi-insomer yomfanekiso, umphezulu wayo unezigidi ezininzi ukuya kumashumi ezigidi zezigidi zeefoto. Yi-semiconductorch chip eguqula imifanekiso yokukhanya kwimiqondiso yombane.
I-pixel: i-pixel yiyunithi esisiseko yenzwa yenzwa. Umfanekiso uthathwe ziiphikseli, kwaye inani leephikseli libonisa inani lezinto ezikufuphi nekhamera.
Isisombululo: Ibhekisa kwelona nani liphezulu leephikseli ezenziwa ngumfanekiso onokuthi lihlalise kuwo omabini umkhombandlela othe tyaba kwaye nkqo.
Ubungakanani bePixel: Ibhekisa kubungakanani obumelwe yi-pixel kubude kunye neendlela zobubanzi.
Ifanelwe ngokucacileyo le mifanekiso ingentla, iipikseli zibonisa inani elipheleleyo leegridi ezimnyama kulo mfanekiso, ngelixa isisombululo, ngelixa isisombululo sibhekisa kwinani leegridi ezimnyama kubude nobubanzi. Umzobo oboniswe apha ngasentla ngu-13 * 7. Ubungakanani be-pixel bubukhulu obumelwe yigridi nganye emnyama kulo mfanekiso, kwaye iyunithi i-micrometer ngokubanzi. Xa ubungakanani bomfanekiso buhlala buhleli, bukhulu ubukhulu be-pixel, ukuthoba isisombululo kunye nokucaca.
I-Bayer Color Filiter ArrayImvelaphi: Emva kokuba abantu benezazi ezinokubangela ukuba ukhanyiso, banokuthatha iifoto ezimnyama kuphela - Ukuba umntu ufuna ukufumana umfanekiso wombala, eyona ndlela ngqo yayikukongeza iifilitha zemibala eyahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, uluhlu lwe-bayer lwaphuhliswa. Iqulathe iifiltha ezibomvu, eziluhlaza kunye neblue kunye neblue zihlelwe ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Isihluzo senye yemibala ye-RGB ibekwe kwi-pixel nganye, ivumela kuphela ukukhanya kombala othile odlulayo.
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-Bayr: ngu-Eastman. Uluhlu lwe-Bayer, olungezwe nguBryce Bayer, ngocalucalulo ukusuka kwi-Kodak, ngo-1976, isenziwa ngokubanzi kwicandelo lomfanekiso wedijithali unanamhlanje.
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Iiseli zamehlo zabantu
Kwiliso lomntu, zimbini iintlobo zeeseli ezibonakalayo: I-Cone - Imiselwe kwaye iRod - ifakwe.
Iiseli zeCone zihlelwe zihlelwe kwiindidi ezintathu: Iiseli zeFotoreptor zeFotorepceptor, iiseli zeFotoreptor Green Azithobeki xa i-leimoninance iphantsi. Kuphela kuxa ukuqaqamba kokukhanya kufikelela kwimeko ethile apho iiseli ze-cone zisebenza.
Iiseli ze-rod zinovelwano kakhulu kukukhanya kwaye zinokwenza imifanekiso yezinto kwiimeko ze-DIMing kakhulu, kodwa azikwazi ukuthwala imibala.
Oku kukwacacisa ukuba kutheni abantu bebona izinto ebusuku kodwa azikwazi ukwahlula imibala yabo.
Umahluko phakathi kweCCD kunye ne-CMOS
I-CCD (elawula isixhobo): Intlawulo - Isixhobo esidityanisiweyo, esidityaniswe kwi-semiconductor ye-Semiconductor.
I-CMOS (i-GEPEOX yentsimbi ye-Oxdide semiconductor): I-GECEOX yentsimbi ye-Oxide semiconductor, edityaniswe kwi-semiconductor, edityaniswe kwizixhobo zentsimbi zentsimbi.
Okwangoku, kwimarike yokhuseleko, iimemo zemifanekiso ze-CCD zinokuba i-CCD okanye i-CMO. Kwixesha lemigangatho - Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo yenkcazo, zombini iikhamera ze-analog kunye neMidlalo - Iikhamera ze-Ingcaciso zisebenzise iinzwa zeCCD. Nangona kunjalo, kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ii-CMOs ziginye kwimakethi ye-CCD. Ngexesha lokuphakama - Ukuhlolwa kweNkcazo, ii-CMOs zithathe indawo ye-CCD.
1. Izantya zokufunda
Ulwazi oluhlawulelwayo lugcinwe kwiCCD Gqunto - Isixhobo esitshatileyo kufuneka sidluliselwe kancinci kancinci kancinci phantsi kolawulo lomqondiso we-synchronous, kwaye emva koko i-andfidion yokuphuculwa kwe-ADC. Ukudluliselwa kunye nokufunda kwengcaciso ehlawulelwayo kufuna isekethe yokulawula iwotshi, kwaye isekethe yonke inzima. I-CMOS yenzwa ngokuthe ngqo inzuzo ye-Ambolor kunye ne-ANAG ithi - Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali ngaphakathi kokukhanya - Iyunithi ebuthathaka, enza isibonakaliso silula kakhulu. Banokuqhubela phambili ulwazi lwemifanekiso kwiCandelo ngalinye ngaxeshanye. Ke ngoko, isantya sokufunda se-CMOs ikhawuleza ngakumbi kune-CCD.
2. Imvakalelo
Kuba i-pixel nganye yenzwa ye-CMOS iqulethe iisekethe ezongezelelweyo (i-Amplifiers kunye ne-A / D isekethe), ukukhanya - Indawo enobuthathaka ye-pixel nganye ithatha indawo yendawo ye-pixel kuphela. Ke ngoko, xa ubungakanani be-pixel bufanayo, ubuntununtunu be-sensor ye-CMOS iphantsi kuneso sensi yeCCD.
I-3. Ingxolo
Kuba ifoto nganye kwi-CMOs ifuna i-amplifier, ukuba ilinganiswe kwi-megapixels, emva koko izigidi zee-Amplifi ziyadingeka. Njengoko iisetshi ze-alog ziseketheni, kunzima ukugcina inzuzo ye-pixel nganye engaguqukiyo. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa nezinzwa zeCCD ezinee-Amplifier enye, ingxolo yeenzwa ze-CMOS izonyusa kakhulu, echaphazela umgangatho wemifanekiso.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla
Indlela yokufunyanwa komfanekiso we-CMOS isebenza. Intlawulo eveliswe yifoto ye-phephe i-Auliwe kwaye iguqulwe yisekethe ekufuphi. Nangona kunjalo, izinzwa zeCCD ziyangena ekufumaneni. I-voltage esetyenzisiweyo kufuneka ifakwe ukwenza intlawulo kwi-pixel nganye ihamba ezantsi, kwaye i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo idla ngokufuna i-12 ukuya kwi-18v. Ke ngoko, i-CCD ikwafuna uyilo lwe-FOCREXO LOKWENZA UMNYANGO WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA. I-voltage ephezulu yokuqhuba yenza ukuselwa kwamandla kwi-CCD ephezulu kune-CMOS.
5. Ixabiso
Ngenxa yokuba ii-CMOs zenzwa yokufumana inkqubo ye-Mos, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwisekethe i-Semiconductor, ijikelezo ye-Pemipheral (efana nolawulo lwexesha, i-CDS, i-ISP.). I-CCD idlulisela idatha ngokudluliselwa kwexabiso. Ukuba nje i-pixel enye iyasilela ukusebenza, yonke imvuko yedatha ayinakudluliselwa. Ke ngoko, isivuno se-CCD siphantsi kakhulu. Ngapha koko, inkqubo yayo yokwenziwa inzima, kwaye kuphela abavelisi bambalwa abanokuyifumana. Esi sisizathu sendleko eziphezulu.
Isantya seShutter
I-shutter sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukulawula ixesha lokuvezwa kwaye licandelo elibalulekileyo lekhamera. Isakhiwo sayo, ifom kunye nomsebenzi kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekulinganiseni inqanaba lekhamera. Zombini ii-CCD kunye nee-CMOS zomfanekiso zisebenzisa i-elektroniki, kubandakanya ukuviwa komhlaba jikelele kunye nezivalo ezijikelezayo.
I-Shutter yeHlabathi: Zonke iiphikseli zenzwane ziqokelela ngaxeshanye kwaye zivele ngaxeshanye. Oko kukuthi, ekuqaleni kokuvezwa, i-sensor iqala ukuqokelela ukukhanya. Ekupheleni kokubonakaliswa, isekelo lokuqokelela ukukhanya linqunyulwe, kwaye ke ixabiso lenzwa lifundwe njengesakhelo esinye.
Zonke iiphikseli zivezwa ngalo mzuzu omnye, ezifanayo nokukhulula into eshukumisayo, ngoko ke ilungele ukudubula ngokukhawuleza - Izinto ezihambayo.
I-shutter ejikelezayo: Inzwane iyakufezekisa oku ngokuvezwa okuqhubekayo. Ekuqaleni kokuvezwa, i-scansor scans ilayini ngomgca kwaye ichaze umgca ngomgca de kufike zonke iipikseli. Ewe kunjalo, zonke iintshukumo zigqityiwe ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, kunye nexesha lokuvezwa kweephikseli ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka.
Imqukumbelo - Ngokutyhili-chaka ngokulandelelana, ke ayifanelekanga ukudubula izinto ezishukumayo. Ukuba into okanye ikhamera ikwimeko yentshukumo ekhawulezayo ngexesha lokudubula, iziphumo zokudubula zinokubonisa i-phenomena efana "nokubonisa" okanye "ukubonakaliswa kwenxalenye" ??okanye "ukubonakaliswa kwendawo".
Imeko yoPhuculo lwee-CMO
I-1. Iphantsi - Isiphumo
Uphuhliso oluvela kwi-FSI ye-FSI Olona phuculo lukhulu lwemvana - Inzwa ye-CMOS ye-CMOS ekhanyisiweyo ilele kutshintsho lwangaphakathi lwecandelo. Buyela - Ii-CMO ezikhanyisiweyo zibuyisela umva ukuqhelaniswa nezibane - Amacandelo obuchwephesha, avumela ukukhanya ukuba ungene ngokuthe ngqo ngasemva. Oku kuyakuphephe impembelelo yesekethe phakathi kwee-microlens kunye nefoto kunye nendlela yokuhamba kwe-CMOS ye-CMOS, ukuphucula ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphantsi. Buyela - Imithombo ye-CMO ekhanyisiweyo yenze umlinganiso wokuqina kwimvakalelo xa kuthelekiswa neziganeko ze-CMO zeSiko. Ngenxa yoko, amandla abo okugxila kunye nomgangatho womfanekiso aphuculwe kakhulu phantsi kokukhanya okuphantsi.
2. Uxinzelelo lwengxolo
Kwelinye icala, i-algorithm ekhethekileyo ye-algorithm idityaniswe ngqo kwi-Logic yolawulo lwe-CMOS yenzwa ye-CMOS. Ngale teknoloji, ingxolo emiselweyo inokupheliswa ngempumelelo. Kwelinye icala, izinto ezahlukeneyo zetekhnoloji yamkelwa kwi-ISP, ezinje ngetekhnoloji yokubonisa, ukuphucula ingxaki yengxolo ye-CMOs.
3. Ukudityaniswa okuphezulu
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-CMOS. Yisekethe eminye imisebenzi edityaniswe kwijelo layo. Umzekelo, ukusungula i-OV10633 yi-720p ye-HD yeSensor Sensor. Imodeli ye-OV10633 idibanisa i-WDR yoluhlu lwe-WDR Runt Dynamic Dynamic Uluhlu lwe-SPREAL STORS kwi-chip efanayo nesolunqwa umfanekiso.
?Useto lwabucala