640×512, 30~150mm LWIR Uncooled Thermal Imaging-封面.jpg

Johnson '? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????

????????? ???????????: ??? ?? ????? 1950 ?, ????? ??. ??????? ??? ?? ??. ??. ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??? ????? - ?????? ???? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????). ??? ???? 1958 ???????? "?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????", ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? (??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???) ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????) (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????). ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ??????????. ?? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????, ???????, ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????) (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????). ???? ?? ??????????, ???? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????) (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????).

?????????, ????????? ??? ???????????? (???) ??????

??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????:

?????????: ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????. (???? ??? ???????, ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? "?????" ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????.) ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? 1.0 ± 0.25 ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????).
?????????: ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? (????, ??????????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????????). ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? - ??????????? ????? 4.0 ± 0.8 ???? ????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????).
????????????: ?? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?????? (???? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????). ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??????, ??????????? ????? 6.4 ± 1.5 ???? ????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????).

(Johnson ???? ??????? ?? ??????????? "????????????" ???? ??? ~ 1.4 ???? ????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????), ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????.) ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????). ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????????, ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? 1, 3, ??? 6 ???????? ????? 50% ????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????? (????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????).

(Free Man Silahouette Vewe - ????????? 17,246+ ????? ????????? ?????? & ???????? - ???????????) ??????: ?? ????? - ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????????. ???? ????? ????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? (????? ????? ?????????); ??? ????????? (????? ?????????????) ?????????, ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????????, ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????. Johnson ? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????) (????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????).

??????? ? ?????????? (????????? ?????????)

??????? ? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? 50% ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????):

????????? (?????? ?????????): ~ 1.0 ???? ????? ???? ??? (50% ?????????) (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????).
????????? (????? ??? ??????): ~ 4.0 ???? ????? ???? ??? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????).
???????????? (????????? ??????): ~ 6.4 ???? ????? ???? ??? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????).

?? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? - ??????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????. (????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????, ????? ?. 1.0 ???? ????? ≈ 2 ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????).) ???? ???????? ?????? ???????????? "???" ?????? ??? 1 - 3 - 6 ???????? (???? ?????) ????? ????????? - ????????? - ????????????, ????????????? (????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????). ????? ?????????, ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? 1 ???? ????? ?????????, 3 ????? ?????????, ??? 6 ????? ???????????? (????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????). (?? ??. ??. ????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? 0.75, 1.5, 3, ??? 6 ???????? ????? ??????, ??????????, ????????, ????????????, ?????????? ????????? ?????? (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????).)

??????? ? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ????????????????? N ???????? ???? ??? ???, ?? ??? ?? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? (???????????? ????????? - ???, ??? 50% ??? ?? ??????????? ???????????). ?????, ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? "????? ??? ??????? ??????" ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????.

??????????????? ???? (????????? ??? ????)

??? ????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???, ????, ?????? ????????, ??? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? (????? - ?????? ??????????????????), ?????? ?????? (????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????):

n = \ fac {h_o f} {2 \ p \ r},

??? n ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???, h_o ??? ?? ??????????????? ????? ??? ??? ??? (??), f ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? (???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????), p ??? ?? ??????? ????? (?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????), ??? R ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???. ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????: ?? ??????? ??? (????? ??? ???????? ????) ???????? n, ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? n (????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????). ??? N ???????? ????? ???????? (???? Johnson's ???) ????? ?? ????? ??????, ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???

R = \ fac {h_o f} {2 P n n}.

????? ?????????, ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? N (????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????). ?????? ?????, ????????? ?? ??????? ????? (?.?.. ????? ?????? ?????????) ???????? ?? ????. ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? - ??? ?? ????????? ?? / ? / ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

????? ?????? ????????? ????

?? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ???, ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????:

??? ????? ??? ??????????: ??????? (????? ????? ?????) ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????; ??????????, ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? (???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????????) ??? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ~ 2 ° C ???????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????. ??????? ????? ??????? - ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? (????? ??????? ??????????).
??????? ????????? ??? ????????: ??? ???????????, ????? ???????? (???????? p) ??? ??? ???????? ???? f ??????????? ????. ?? ???????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????? (MTF) ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????. ??? Johnson's ???????, ????? ???????? (????? ???) ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? (????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????).
???????????? ??????: ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ????? ??? ????, ?????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????. ????? ??????? ???? ??? '? ????? (f_t = exp (- ? / ?_?)) ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????). ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ??? ?? (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????). ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????, ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????) (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????).
??????????? ???????: ?? ???? - ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????. ?????????????? ??????? ??? ??? "??????? ???????" ???? ?????, ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ~ 0.5 ???????? ????? ?????????, ????? ??? "???? ???????" ???? ????? 2.5 ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? 50% ????????? (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????). ??? ???, ?? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????.
??????? - ?? - ???? ???????????? (??) ??? ?????? ????: ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? (????) ??? ??????? ???????? ????. ? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????. ??????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????: ?? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????).

????????, ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????, ??? ??????????, ?????? ????, ?????? ????, ???. ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ??? ?????????? ??? Johnson "(??? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ????) ??? ????? ????) ??? ????? ????. ??? ?????????, ?? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????.

????????? ???????

???? ?? ????? ??????????, ??? ????? ????????? ?? / ? / ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???. ????? ?????????:

????????: ?? 2 ? ???? ????? (h_o = 2 ?) ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? f = 50 ?? ??? ??????? ????? p = 20μ ? (= 0.02 ??). ???? Johnson's 1 - ???? ????? ????? ?????????,
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????? ????????? (≈3 ????????) ??? ???????????? (≈6 ????????), ?? ??????? ????? ≈833 ? ??? ≈417 ? ????????????? (???? $ r \ procto1 / n $).
??????????? ?????????: ? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? (?????? ?????????? ~ 0.95 ?) ??? ?? ?????????? ??? 17μ ? ???????? ??? 16.75 ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????. ????? ?? 3 - ???? ????????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?? 50% ????????? ???? ??? ????? 157 ?. (??? ?? ????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??? $ ? \ ?????? 16.75) / (2 \ Times0.017 \ Times3) \ Howers157 $ ??, ?????? 157)
?????? ????????: ??? ?????? ?????? (??? ??????????, ????? ????), Johnson '? ????? - ??? - ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????????. ????? ?????????, ???? ???? ?????? ~ 2000 ? ?????????, ~ 667 ? ?????????, ??? ~ 333 ? ???????????? ????? ?? 1.8 ? ????? (????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????).

?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????. ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????.

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Johnson '? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????:

??????? ??? ?????????????: ??????? ?????????????????? ????? ????? - ???????? ???????, ??????? ????, ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ? / ? / ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? Johnson's ?????????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????). ??? ????????????? ??? ????????? (??????? ??? ??????) ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????????. ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? 1 - 3 - 6 ????? - ??? - ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? - ???????? ?? ????.
???? ??? ????????? / ?????????: ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????, ???? ???? ???? ???????. ????? ?????????, ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 1 ????????? ??? ???????? ??? 400 ?. ??????? ? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????????????.
???????????? ??? ????? ????????????: ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ????????????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????. (?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????; ????. ?????? ???? ??, ?, ??? ?????????????????? ??? ????????? ????????????.)

??? ????? ????, Johnson ? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? (?????????, ????????, ??????? ?????) ??? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? (???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???).

???????????? ??? ??????? ???????????????

????? ?? ????????, Johnson ? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????????. ?? ??? ?? ???????????, ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? - ????? ?????:

??????????? ??????: ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????????, ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? - ????????????? ??????????. ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????????. ??? ???, ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? Johnson (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????).
?????????? ???????????????? ?????: ??? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????????????. ??????? ????????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ????? (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????) (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????). ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???????.
???????? ?????: ??????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????; ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????, ??????????????, ????????, ???. ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????).
??????? ??? ???????????: ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????????? (???????? ??? ????????). ?? ??? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???? (NetD), ???????? ????, ????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????. ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????.
????????? ??????: ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ~ 50% ?????????. ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????.

?????? ??? ?? ??????, ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ? ???????. ????? ?????????, ?? ??. ??. ?????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????????? (0.75 ???????? ????? ?????????, ???) ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????). ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???, ??? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ???????????? ???-???????? ?????????????? (??? ??? J - ?????/? - ??????? ??????? (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????)) ????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? (???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????). ????????????, Johnson '? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? - ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ????.

??? ?????, Johnson '? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???. ???? ??????????? ?????????, ????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??? "???? ????? ???? ???," ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????) (????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????). ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? - ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????, Johnson ? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????) (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????).

????????: ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? Johnson (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????) ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? (Johnson ? ?????????? - ???????????) (????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????). ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? - ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? (????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????). ???????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? - ?????? ??????? (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????) (??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????). ????????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ????? ??? ?????????????????? ??? ?????? ???????? (????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????).

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Johnson '? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????